workingset_scanner.cpp

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#include "workingset_scanner.h"
#include "module_data.h"
#include "artefact_scanner.h"
#include "scanner.h"
 
#include "../utils/path_converter.h"
#include "../utils/workingset_enum.h"
#include "../utils/artefacts_util.h"
 
#include <fstream>
 
using namespace pesieve;
using namespace pesieve::util;
 
 
namespace pesieve {
 
    inline bool is_by_stats(const t_shellc_mode& shellc_mode)
    {
        switch (shellc_mode) {
        case  SHELLC_STATS:
        case  SHELLC_PATTERNS_OR_STATS:
        case SHELLC_PATTERNS_AND_STATS:
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
 
    inline bool match_to_tag(std::ofstream& patch_report, const char delimiter, size_t start_offset, const sig_finder::Match &match)
    {
        if (patch_report.is_open() && match.sign) {
            patch_report << std::hex << match.offset + start_offset;
            patch_report << delimiter;
            patch_report << match.sign->name;
            patch_report << delimiter;
            patch_report << match.sign->size();
            patch_report << std::endl;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
};
 
 
size_t WorkingSetScanReport::generateTags(const std::string& reportPath)
{
    if (this->custom_matched.size() == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    std::ofstream patch_report;
    patch_report.open(reportPath);
    if (patch_report.is_open() == false) {
        return 0;
    }
    size_t count = 0;
    for (auto itr = custom_matched.begin(); itr != custom_matched.end(); ++itr) {
        sig_finder::Match m = *itr;
        if (match_to_tag(patch_report, ';', this->match_area_start, m)) count++;
    }
    if (patch_report.is_open()) {
        patch_report.close();
    }
    return count;
}
 
//---
 
bool pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::checkAreaContent(IN MemPageData& memPage, OUT WorkingSetScanReport* my_report)
{
    if (!memPage.load()) {
        return false;
    }
 
    const bool noPadding = true;
 
    bool isByStats = is_by_stats(this->args.shellcode);
 
    bool code = false;
    bool codeP = false;
    bool codeS = false;
    bool obfuscated = false;
 
    size_t custom_matched_count = 0;
 
    if (matcher::is_matcher_ready()) {
        std::vector<sig_finder::Match> allMatched;
        my_report->all_matched_count = matcher::find_all_patterns(memPage.getLoadedData(noPadding), memPage.getLoadedSize(noPadding), allMatched);
        custom_matched_count = matcher::filter_custom(allMatched, my_report->custom_matched);
        if (my_report->all_matched_count) {
            my_report->match_area_start = memPage.getStartOffset(noPadding);
            codeP = true;
            code = true;
            if (this->args.shellcode == SHELLC_PATTERNS_OR_STATS) {
                isByStats = false; // condition satisfied, no more checks required
            }
        }
        else {
            if (this->args.shellcode == SHELLC_PATTERNS_AND_STATS) {
                isByStats = false; // condition NOT satisfied, no more checks required
            }
        }
    }
#ifdef CALC_PAGE_STATS
    if (isByStats || this->args.obfuscated) {
        
        // fill default settings
        MultiStatsSettings settings;
        stats::fillCodeStrings(settings.watchedStrings);
 
        AreaStatsCalculator calc(memPage.loadedData);
        if (calc.fill(my_report->stats, &settings)) {
 
            pesieve::RuleMatchersSet codeMatcher(RuleMatcher::RULE_CODE);
            if (codeMatcher.findMatches(my_report->stats, my_report->area_info)) {
                codeS = true;
                code = true;
            }
 
            if (!codeS && (this->args.obfuscated != OBFUSC_NONE)) {
                int rules = 0;
                if (this->args.obfuscated == OBFUSC_ANY) rules = RuleMatcher::RULE_OBFUSCATED | RuleMatcher::RULE_ENCRYPTED;
                if (this->args.obfuscated == OBFUSC_STRONG_ENC) rules = RuleMatcher::RULE_ENCRYPTED;
                if (this->args.obfuscated == OBFUSC_WEAK_ENC) rules = RuleMatcher::RULE_OBFUSCATED;
                pesieve::RuleMatchersSet obfMatcher(rules);
                if (obfMatcher.findMatches(my_report->stats, my_report->area_info)) {
                    obfuscated = true;
                    // filter out cache:
                    if (memPage.mapping_type == MEM_MAPPED // mapped memory
                        && !util::is_executable(memPage.mapping_type, memPage.protection) // non executable page
                        && memPage.loadMappedName()) //named
                    {
                        obfuscated = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
#endif
 
    if (this->args.shellcode == SHELLC_PATTERNS_AND_STATS) {
        code = (codeP && codeS);
    }
    else if (this->args.shellcode == SHELLC_PATTERNS_OR_STATS) {
        code = (codeP || codeS);
    }
 
    my_report->has_shellcode = code;
 
    if ( (obfuscated && this->args.obfuscated != OBFUSC_NONE)
        || (code && (this->args.shellcode != SHELLC_NONE || custom_matched_count) ))
    {
        my_report->status = SCAN_SUSPICIOUS;
    }
    if (my_report->status == SCAN_SUSPICIOUS) {
        my_report->data_cache = memPage.loadedData;
    }
    return true;
}
 
bool pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::isExecutable(MemPageData &memPage)
{
    if (pesieve::util::is_executable(memPage.mapping_type, memPage.protection)) {
        return true;
    }
    return isPotentiallyExecutable(memPage, this->args.data);
}
 
bool pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::isPotentiallyExecutable(MemPageData &memPage, const t_data_scan_mode &mode)
{
    if (mode == pesieve::PE_DATA_NO_SCAN) {
        return false;
    }
 
    // check preconditions:
    const bool is_managed = this->processReport.isManagedProcess();
    if (mode == pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_NO_DEP 
        && this->pDetails.isDEP && !is_managed)
    {
        return false;
    }
    if (mode == pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_DOTNET
        && !is_managed)
    {
        return false;
    }
    // preconditions are fulfilled, now check the access:
    const bool is_page_readable = pesieve::util::is_readable(memPage.mapping_type, memPage.protection);
    if (mode != pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_INACCESSIBLE_ONLY) {
        if (is_page_readable) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    if ((mode >= pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_INACCESSIBLE) || (mode == pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_INACCESSIBLE_ONLY)) {
        if (this->pDetails.isReflection && (memPage.protection & PAGE_NOACCESS)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
WorkingSetScanReport* pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::scanExecutableArea(MemPageData &_memPage)
{
    if (!_memPage.load()) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    // check for PE artifacts (regardless if it has shellcode patterns):
    if (!isScannedAsModule(_memPage)) {
        ArtefactScanner artefactScanner(this->processHandle, this->pDetails, _memPage, this->processReport);
        WorkingSetScanReport *my_report1 = artefactScanner.scanRemote();
        if (my_report1) {
            //pe artefacts found
            return my_report1;
        }
    }
    if ((!matcher::is_matcher_ready())
        && (this->args.obfuscated == OBFUSC_NONE))
    {
        // not a PE file, and we are not interested in patterns or obfuscated contents, so just finish it here
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    //report about shellcode:
    ULONGLONG region_start = _memPage.region_start;
    const size_t region_size = size_t(_memPage.region_end - region_start);
    WorkingSetScanReport* my_report = new WorkingSetScanReport((HMODULE)region_start, region_size, SCAN_NOT_SUSPICIOUS);
    if (!my_report) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    
    if (!checkAreaContent(_memPage, my_report)) { // check for shellcode patterns & stats
        my_report->status = SCAN_ERROR;
    }
    if (my_report->status == SCAN_NOT_SUSPICIOUS) {
        // do not keep reports for not suspicious areas
        delete my_report;
        return nullptr;
    }
    my_report->has_pe = isScannedAsModule(_memPage) && this->processReport.hasModule(_memPage.region_start);
    return my_report;
}
 
bool pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::isScannedAsModule(MemPageData &memPage)
{
    if (memPage.mapping_type != MEM_IMAGE) {
        return false;
    }
    if (this->processReport.hasModule((ULONGLONG)memPage.alloc_base)) {
        return true; // it was already scanned as a PE
    }
    return false;
}
 
bool pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::scanImg(MemPageData& memPage)
{
    if (!memPage.loadMappedName()) {
        //cannot retrieve the mapped name
        return false;
    }
 
    const HMODULE module_start = (HMODULE)memPage.alloc_base;
 
    if (!args.quiet) {
        std::cout << "[!] Scanning detached: " << std::hex << module_start << " : " << memPage.mapped_name << std::endl;
    }
    RemoteModuleData remoteModData(this->processHandle, this->pDetails.isReflection, module_start);
    if (!remoteModData.isInitialized()) {
        if (!args.quiet) {
            std::cout << "[-] Could not read the remote PE at: " << std::hex << module_start << std::endl;
        }
        return false;
    }
 
    //load module from file:
    ModuleData modData(processHandle, module_start, memPage.mapped_name, args.use_cache);
    if (!modData.loadOriginal()) {
        if (!args.quiet) {
            std::cerr << "[-] [" << std::hex << modData.moduleHandle << "] Could not read the module file" << std::endl;
        }
        processReport.appendReport(new UnreachableModuleReport(module_start, 0, memPage.mapped_name));
        return false;
    }
    t_scan_status scan_status = ProcessScanner::scanForHollows(processHandle, modData, remoteModData, processReport);
#ifdef _DEBUG
    std::cout << "[*] Scanned for hollows. Status: " << scan_status << std::endl;
#endif
    if (scan_status == SCAN_ERROR) {
        // failed scanning it as a loaded PE module
        return false;
    }
    if (scan_status == SCAN_SUSPICIOUS) {
        // detected as hollowed, no need for further scans
        return true;
    }
    if (!args.no_hooks) {
        const bool scan_data = (this->args.data >= pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_ALWAYS && this->args.data != PE_DATA_SCAN_INACCESSIBLE_ONLY)
            || (!this->pDetails.isDEP && (this->args.data == pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_NO_DEP));
        const bool scan_inaccessible = (this->pDetails.isReflection && (this->args.data >= pesieve::PE_DATA_SCAN_INACCESSIBLE));
        scan_status = ProcessScanner::scanForHooks(processHandle, modData, remoteModData, processReport, scan_data, scan_inaccessible);
#ifdef _DEBUG
        std::cout << "[*] Scanned for hooks. Status: " << scan_status << std::endl;
#endif
    }
    return true;
}
 
WorkingSetScanReport* pesieve::WorkingSetScanner::scanRemote()
{
    MemPageData memPage(this->processHandle, this->pDetails.isReflection, this->memRegion.base, 0);
    memPage.is_listed_module = this->processReport.hasModule(this->memRegion.base);
 
    if (!memPage.isInfoFilled() && !memPage.fillInfo()) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
        std::cout << "[!] Could not fill: " << std::hex << memPage.start_va << " to: " << memPage.region_end << "\n";
#endif
        return nullptr;
    }
    // sanity checks to make sure that we are scanning the same page that was previously collected:
    if (memPage.alloc_base != this->memRegion.alloc_base) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
        std::cerr << "WARNING: Alloc Base mismatch: " << std::hex << memPage.alloc_base << " vs " << this->memRegion.alloc_base << std::endl;
#endif
        return nullptr;
    }
    if ((memPage.region_end - memPage.region_start) != this->memRegion.size) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
        std::cerr << "WARNING: Size mismatch: " << std::hex << (memPage.region_end - memPage.region_start) << " vs " << this->memRegion.size << std::endl;
#endif
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    // is the page executable?
    const bool is_any_exec = isExecutable(memPage);
    if (!is_any_exec) {
        // probably not interesting
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    if (memPage.mapping_type == MEM_MAPPED && memPage.isRealMapping()) {
        //probably legit
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    if (memPage.mapping_type == MEM_IMAGE) {
        memPage.loadModuleName();
        memPage.loadMappedName();
        if (!isScannedAsModule(memPage)) {
            scanImg(memPage);
        }
        const size_t region_size = (memPage.region_end) ? (memPage.region_end - memPage.region_start) : 0;
        if (this->processReport.hasModuleContaining(memPage.region_start, region_size)) {
            // the area was already scanned
            return nullptr;
        }
    }
#ifdef _DEBUG
    std::cout << std::hex << memPage.start_va << ": Scanning executable area" << std::endl;
#endif
    WorkingSetScanReport* my_report = this->scanExecutableArea(memPage);
    if (!my_report) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    my_report->is_executable = true;
    my_report->protection = memPage.protection;
    my_report->mapping_type = memPage.mapping_type;
    my_report->mapped_name = memPage.mapped_name;
    return my_report;
}